A cleft sentence is a complex structure in which a single main clause is split into two parts, creating a sentence that emphasizes a specific element by placing it in a separate clause. Cleft sentences are often used to highlight or bring attention to a piece of particular information, making them helpful in expressing emphasis and clarity in English.
Key features of cleft sentences:
- Structure: A cleft sentence generally consists of two main clauses: the main and the subordinate (or relative). The main clause provides the essential information, while the subordinate clause provides additional detail or emphasis.
Example: It was the cat that knocked over the vase. In this example, “It was the cat” is the main clause, and “that knocked over the vase” is the subordinate clause.
- Cleft Sentences with “It”: Many cleft sentences start with the pronoun “it” followed by a form of the verb “to be” (such as “is,” “was,” “has been,” etc.).
Example: It’s the thought that counts. “It’s” is the cleft structure, and “the thought that counts” is the emphasized element.
- Emphasis: Cleft sentences are often used for emphasis, directing attention to a specific part of the sentence.
Example: It’s in the drawer that I found the key. The emphasis is on “in the drawer,” indicating where the key was found.
- Variations: While “it” cleft sentences are common, other variations use different relative pronouns or adverbs for emphasis.
Example: What he needs is more time. In this example, “What he needs” is the cleft structure, emphasizing the subject.
Cleft sentences are a stylistic choice, and their use can add nuance and emphasis to written and spoken communication. They provide a way to structure sentences to draw attention to specific information within a larger context.
