A complex sentence is a sentence structure that contains one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. Like a simple sentence, an independent clause can stand alone as a complete thought. In contrast, a dependent clause cannot function independently and relies on the independent clause for context and meaning.
Key characteristics of a complex sentence include:
- Independent Clause: A complex sentence always includes an independent clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence.
Example: Although the sun sets, the stars appear.
- Dependent Clause: A complex sentence includes at least one dependent clause, which does not form a complete thought and relies on the independent clause for meaning.
Example: Although the sun sets, the stars appear.
- Subordinating Conjunctions: Dependent clauses are often introduced by subordinating conjunctions (although, because, if, when, while, etc.), which indicate the relationship between the independent and dependent clauses.
Example: Although the sun sets, the stars appear.
- Variety of Structures: Complex sentences can have various structures, including placing the dependent clause at the beginning or end of the sentence.
Example (Beginning): Because the sun sets, the stars appear. Example (End): The stars appear when the sun sets.
Complex sentences allow writers to convey nuanced relationships between ideas by showing the dependence of one clause on another. Understanding how to construct and punctuate complex sentences is essential for effective and varied writing.