In linguistics, a “complement” is a linguistic element that completes the meaning of a predicate (verb) or a preposition in a sentence. Complements are essential components that provide additional information to clarify or complete the sense of the primary word. Different complements exist, including object complements, subject complements, and prepositional complements.
Key types of complements:
- Object Complement: An object complement is a word or phrase that follows and modifies the direct object of a verb, providing additional information about the object.
Example: She painted the door red. (The word “red” is an object complement modifying the direct object “door.”)
- Subject Complement: A subject complement is a word or phrase that follows a linking verb and provides additional information about the sentence’s subject.
Example: She is a doctor. (The word “doctor” is a subject complement describing the subject “she.”)
- Prepositional Complement: A prepositional complement is a phrase that follows a preposition and completes its meaning by providing additional information.
Example: He is interested in art. (The prepositional phrase “in art” acts as a complement to the preposition “interested.”)
- Adjective Complement: An adjective complement is a word or phrase that follows an adjective and provides additional information about the adjective.
Example: The food is delicious. (The word “delicious” stands alone as an adjective complement.)
- Verb Complement: In some contexts, the term “complement” is used more broadly to refer to any word or phrase that completes the meaning of a verb. This can include object complements, adverbial complements, or other elements that complete the action.
Example: He considers her a friend. (The phrase “a friend” serves as an object complement.)
Understanding complements is crucial for grasping the whole meaning of sentences and ensuring that the relationships between different elements within a sentence are clear and accurate. Complements play a significant role in providing additional information, specification, or modification within the structure of a sentence.
