The Grammar Vault / Reference

En Dash

A plum dash connects two small paper calendar cards.

An en dash (–) commonly shows a range or a connection. In pages 18–24, it means through. It is usually longer than a hyphen and shorter than an em dash.

Ranges and scores

Use an en dash without spaces in ranges such as 2019–2024 and 9:00–11:00 a.m. It can also separate scores, as in The Owls won 4–2. If you start a range with from, pair it with to. If you start with between, pair it with and. Write from page 18 to page 24 or between pages 18 and 24.

Connecting places and open compounds

An en dash can link endpoints, as in the Portland–Seattle route. Some style guides also use it in compounds that include a multiword name, as in pre–Civil War records. Follow your guide for those compounds.

To insert – in Word for Windows, press Ctrl and the minus key on the numeric keypad. You can also copy the character here.

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